Updated 23 September 2026

Moratorium Nation

Track local pauses on data centers, battery storage, solar, wind, and crypto miningโ€”plus the distinct state-level rules now shaping permits, grid access, costs, and local authority.

1291
was 222 in April
Moratorium instruments
1063
Currently in force
77
Pending or proposed
151
Replaced, expired, or rescinded
47
States with at least one

How to read the tracker

One buildout, two layers of restriction

A local moratorium stops or delays approvals in one jurisdiction. State policy can instead bind an agency, utility process, incentive, or every municipality. The datasets stay separate so unlike legal effects do not collapse into one count.

Local government 1291

City, county, township, and tribal instruments. The map and headline status counts all refer to this inventory.

Download local inventory โ†’
Latest binding actions: New York is holding specified state permits in abeyance during environmental review; Texas is auditing data-center projects before ERCOT interconnection can advance. Pennsylvania's moratorium bills remain proposals.
๐Ÿ“„ Working paper ยท April 2026

Moratorium Nation: A Survey of Data Center, Renewable Energy, and Battery Storage Moratoria in the United States

116 pages ยท 46,800 words ยท 8 maps ยท 7 statistical tables ยท 50-state legal authority survey ยท 13-section model ordinance template with sector-specific supplements for data centers, solar, wind, and battery storage.

In force (active / extended) Pending / proposed Replaced / expired Rescinded

Map shows 1289 of 1291 instruments. Two aggregate meta-rows ("Other Reported Local Moratoria, MI" and "Proposed or Rejected Local Pauses, MD") aren't real geographic points. Click any marker for jurisdiction details.

Monthly moratorium adoptions, 2018 through September 23, 2026, stacked by primary sector with cumulative-total dashed line.

Every bar before 2022 is Washington. Cheap power from dams drew crypto miners to the Columbia River region, and ten Washington towns and counties paused them in 2018. Then the map went almost quiet until 2023. New York towns came next, with pauses on large battery-storage sites: they make up most of the 21 moratoria in 2023 and the 61 in 2024. Data centers drove what followed: 121 in 2025 and 882 in the first eight months of 2026. June 2026 alone had 185. September counts stop at the 23rd, so that month is not complete.

Source: moratorium_inventory.csv, columns date_enacted_iso and sectors. The chart plots 1150 of 1291 instruments. It leaves out proposals still awaiting a vote, which have no adoption date, and two 2018 Washington ordinances known only to the year, which cannot be placed in a month.

Data update · 23 September 2026

The September picture

The list more than doubled in one update. Most of that is not new activity. These are towns and townships that had already voted for a pause, and that earlier searches missed. The list now holds 1291 moratoria in 47 states, and 1063 of them are in force.

What changed in this update

State rules are a separate layer

States act too. We track 438 state bills, 84 of which became law, plus 2 state actions that are not bills. New York Executive Order 62 holds some state permits while the state studies the effects of data centers. Texas's August 3 order pauses new hookups to the state's main power grid while it is audited. In Pennsylvania, SB 1345 would let towns pause data centers, and SB 1359 would pause them statewide. Both are still only proposals. This update did not recheck the state bills.

How to read the counts

For May through July, we searched all 50 states month by month. Even that search missed many small towns, as this update showed. This time we searched each state as a whole. So the August and September counts are far better than before, but they are still the fewest there could be. September counts stop at the 23rd. Counts before May came from scattered searches and are low too. Known gaps explains what the list may be missing.

What is a moratorium?

A moratorium is a temporary pause. A city, county, or township stops accepting or approving a certain kind of development while it writes rules for it. Most run six to twelve months. The trigger is almost always the same: a project arrives that the zoning code has no word for. Read the FAQ →

Top 13 states by moratorium count

Thirteen states hold roughly two in three of the instruments we have found. Click a state for every moratorium in it, written in plain English.

All 47 states with moratoria โ†’

Use the data

๐Ÿ“Š Spreadsheet

The 1291-row inventory as a CSV โ€” opens in Excel, Google Sheets, Numbers, or any tool. Includes enacted_status, moratorium_id, and lat/lon for instant mapping.

Download CSV โ†’

๐Ÿ Python / R / pandas

Load directly from GitHub raw, no clone required. The data folder guide has working snippets.

Browse data files โ†’

๐Ÿ“š Citation

The dataset is published under CC-BY-4.0. Cite the working paper or this dataset directly. CITATION.cff in the repo gives GitHub a "Cite this repository" button.

View CITATION.cff โ†’

Methodology

We collect the primary documents first - ordinances, resolutions, board minutes - then code them. The corpus runs to roughly 4,600 files gathered across all 50 states. 348 moratorium texts have been read line by line against a 44-clause taxonomy; that sample predates 28 April 2026 and covers 211 jurisdictions, so it describes what moratoria contain rather than all 1291 of them. Coordinates were checked three ways across 89 verifications, with no confirmed errors. Where we could not confirm something, the row says so.

Related projects by Michael Bommarito

Other public resources on the U.S. data center buildout and what it does to the communities that host it.

servercountry.org

An educational resource on the AI data center buildout, with explainers, a nationwide project database, a glossary, and the full book This Is Server Country.

Visit โ†’

fightadatacenter.com

A citizen's guide for community members facing a data center proposal: ten-chapter book on local, state, and federal strategies, plus a free abridged online version with checklists and templates.

Visit โ†’

michaelbommarito.com

Personal site of the dataset's author. Builder, researcher, and educator working at the intersection of food systems, legal technology, AI, and open source. Co-founder of Alea Institute and 273 Ventures.

Visit โ†’

Status & contributions

This working snapshot is current through 23 September 2026. The latest tagged release remains v2026.07. Found a moratorium we missed, or an error worth fixing? Open an issue and we will take it up in the next refresh, which runs roughly quarterly while the wave lasts.